Textbook for PH 205 Ethics in Healthcare PH205.

1. History and theories -- Introduction -- The need for theories -- Consequentialism and deontology -- Virtue ethics and feminist ethics -- Communitarianism and liberalism -- The rejection of theories : casuistry and cultural relativism -- Conclusion -- Selected readings -- 2. The patient-doctor relationship -- Introduction -- Informed consent -- Therapeutic privilege -- Confidentiality -- Cross-cultural relations -- What sort of doctors do we need? -- Conclusion -- Selected readings -- 3. Medical research on humans -- Introduction -- Design of clinical trials -- Equipoise, randomization, and placebos -- Problems with consent -- Vulnerable populations -- Protections and justice -- Conclusion -- Selected readings -- 4. Reproductive rights and technologies -- Introduction -- Abortion -- The moral status of embryos -- Surrogate pregnancy -- Sex selection -- Cloning -- Conclusion -- Selected readings -- 5. Genetics -- Introduction -- Genetic testing and screening -- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis -- Gene therapy -- Genetic enhancement -- Eugenics -- Conclusion -- Selected readings -- 6. Medical decisions at the end of life -- Introduction -- Defining death -- Withdrawing and withholding treatment -- Double effect -- Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide -- Futility -- Conclusion -- Selected readings -- 7. Allocating scarce medical resources -- Introduction -- Setting priorities -- Quality-adjusted life-years -- Age-based rationing -- Organ transplantation -- Two-tiered health care -- Conclusion -- Selected readings.