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Circling the Mediterranean: Europe and the Islamic world --India's classical age -- Medieval Chinese literature -- Japan's classical age. Circling the Mediterranean: Europe and the Islamic World -- India's classical age -- Medieval Chinese literature -- Japan's classical age. I. CIRCLING THE MEDITERRANEAN -- THE CHRISTIAN BIBLE: THE NEW TESTAMENT (ca. 1st century C.E.) Luke 2 [The Birth and Youth of Jesus] Matthew 5-7 [The Sermon on the Mount] Luke 15 [Parables] Matthew 13 [Why Jesus Teaches in Parables] Matthew 27-28 [Crucifixion and Resurrection] John 1 [The Word] o(Translated by Richmond Lattimore) -- APULEIUS (ca. 125-180) The Golden Ass From Book 3 (Translated by P. G. Walsh) -- AUGUSTINE (354-430) Confessions From Book I (Childhood) From Book II (The Pear Tree) From Book III (Student at Carthage) From Book V (Augustine leaves Carthage for Rome) From Book VIII (Conversion) From Book IX (Death of His Mother) (Translated by F. J. Sheed) -- THE QUR'AN (610-632) 1. The Opening 5. The Feast 10. Jonah 12. Joseph 19. Mary 55. The Lord of Mercy 76. Man o(Translated by Abdel Haleem) -- IBN ISHAQ (704-767) The Biography of the Prophet How Salman Became a Muslim The Beginning of the Sending Down of the Qur'an Khadija, Daughter of Khuwaylid, Accepts Islam From Ali ibn Abu Talib, the First Male to Accept Islam [The Burial Preparations] (Translated by Alfred Guillaume) BEOWULF (ca. 9th century) (Translated by Seamus Heaney) -- ABOLQASEM FERDOWSI (940-1020) The Shahnameh The Birth of Sekandar Dara's Dying Words to Sekandar Sekandar's Letter to Foor Sekandar Leads His Army Against Foor Sekandar's Battle Against the Indian Troops Sekandar Kills Foor Sekandar Leads His Army to Egypt Sekandar's Letter to Qaydafeh The Greeks Capture Qaydafeh's Son Sekandar Goes as an Envoy to Qaydafeh Qaydafeh Gives Sekandar Some Advice Sekandar Sees a Corpse in the Palace of Topazes Sekandar Sees the Speaking Tree Sekandar Visits the Emperor of China Sekandar Leads the Army to Babylon Sekandar's Letter to Arestalis and Arestalis's Reply Sekandar's Letter to His Mother The Mourning for Sekandar o(Translated by Dick Davis) -- oAVICENNA/IBN SINA (ca. 980-1037) From Mi'raj-nameh (Translated by Peter Heath) -- From the SONG OF ROLAND (11th century) (Translated by Frederick Goldin) oPETRUS ALFONSI (1062-after 1116) The Scholar's Guide Prologue I. The Parable of the Half Friend II. From The Parable of the Whole Friend XI. The Parable of the Sword XII. The Parable of the King and His Storyteller XIII. The Parable of the Weeping Bitch (Translated by J. R. Jones and J. E. Keller) -- MARIE DE FRANCE (1150?-1200?) Lais oPrologue Lanval Laustic o(Translated by R. W. Hanning and J. M. Ferrante) -- MEDIEVAL LYRICS oBoethius, From The Consolation of Philosophy (Book 3, Poem XII) (Translated by S. J. Tester) Notker Balbulus, A Hymn to Holy Women (Translated by Peter Dronke) Anonymous, The Ruin o(Translated by Yusef Komunyakaa) Anonymous, Song of Summer (Translated by Jan Ziolkowski) oIbn Zaydun, From al-Zahra (Translated by Christopher Middleton and Leticia Garza-Falcon) oWilliam IX, I'll Write a Verse About Nothing At All (Translated by Suzanne Akbari) Arnaut Daniel, The Art of Love (Translated by Frederick Goldin) oYehuda HaLevi, To Ibn al-Mu'allim oYehuda HaLevi, Lord (Translated by Peter Cole) Hildegard of Bingen, oResponsory for the Virgin (Slender branch) Hildegard of Bingen, oResponsory for the Virgin (Priceless integrity) (Translated by Barbara Newman) The Archpoet, His Confession (Translated by Helen Waddell) oBernart de Ventadorn, When I See the Lark Stretch Out (Translated by Suzanne Akbari) Beatrice of Dia, A Lover's Prize (Translated by Peter Dronke) Bertran de Born, In Praise of War (Translated by Frederick Goldin) Heinrich von Morungen, The Wound of Love (Translated by Peter Dronke) Walther von der Vogelweide, Dancing Girl (Translated by Peter Dronke) oIbn Arabi, Gentle Now, Doves (Translated by Michael Sells) Alfonso X, The Scorpions (Translated by Peter Dronke) oShem Tov Ardutiel, From The Battles of the Pen and Scissors (Translated by Peter Cole) Hadewijch of Brabant, The Cult of Love (Translated by Peter Dronke) Anonymous, Calvary Jalaloddin Rumi, Dissolver of Sugar Jalaloddin Rumi, The Question Jalaloddin Rumi, An Empty Garden oJalaloddin Rumi, Only Breath (Translated by Coleman Barks) Guido Guinizzelli, Love Always Repairs to the Noble Heart (Translated by James J. Wilhelm) oGuido Cavalcanti, A Lady Asks Me (Translated by Suzanne Akbari) Dante, Guido, I Wish (Translated by James J. Wilhelm) Dante, Love and the Gentle Heart (Translated by Dino Cervigni and Edward Vasta) Alexander the Wild, Strawberry Picking (Translated by Peter Dronke) Dafydd ap Gwilym, The Fox (Translated by Richard Morgan Loomis) oHafez, Plant Friendship's Tree oHafez, Thanks Be to God (Translated by Dick Davis) oJahan Khatun, Heart, In His Beauty's Garden (Translated by Dick Davis) oChristine de Pizan, I Am Alone, and Alone I Wish To Stay (Translated by Suzanne Akbari) Anonymous, Lament of the Virgin Charles d'Orleans, If You Wish to Sell Your Kisses (Translated by Sarah Spence) -- FARIDODDIN ATTAR (1145-1221) The Conference of Birds The Story of Sheikh Sam'an (Translated by Afkham Darbandi and Dick Davis) -- DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265-1321) The Divine Comedy Inferno From Purgatorio From Paradiso o(Translated by Mark Musa) - oKEBRA NAGAST (14th century) 17. The Glory of Zion 19. How This Book Came to Be Found 20. The Division of the Earth 21. The Queen of the South 22. Tmrîn, the Merchant 23. How the Merchant Returned to Ethiopia 25. How the Queen Came to Solomon the King 28-29. How Solomon Gave Commandments to the Queen 31. The Sign Which Solomon Gave the Queen 32. How the Queen Brought Forth and Came to Her Own Country 33. How the King of Ethiopia Travelled 34. How the Young Man Arrived in His Mother's Country 36. How King Solomon Conversed with His Son 45. How Those Who Were Sent Away Made a Plan 48. How They Carried Away Zion (Translated by E. A. Wallis Budge) - THE THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS (14th century) Prologue [The Story of King Shahrayar and Shahrazad, His Vizier's Daughter] [The Tale of the Ox and the Donkey] [The Tale of the Merchant and His Wife] [The Story of the Merchant and the Demon] [The First Old Man's Tale] [The Second Old Man's Tale] (Translated by Husain Haddawy) [The Third Old Man's Tale] (Translated by Jerome W. Clinton) [The Story of the Fisherman and the Demon] [The Tale of King Yunan and the Sage Duban] [The Tale of the Husband and the Parrot] [The Tale of the King's Son and the She-Ghoul] [The Tale of the Enchanted King] (Translated by Husain Haddawy) -- GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO (1313-1375) The Decameron Day 1, Story 1 oDay 2, Story 7 Day 4, Story 9 oDay 10, Story 9 Day 10, Story 10 o(Translated by Wayne Rebhorn) GEOFFREY CHAUCER (1340?-1400) The Canterbury Tales The General Prologue The Wife of Bath's Prologue The Wife of Bath's Tale Introduction to the Pardoner's Tale The Pardoner's Tale o(Translated by Sheila Fisher -- SIR GAWAIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT (late 14th century) o(Translated by Simon Armitage) -- CHRISTINE DE PIZAN (ca. 1364-ca. 1431) oThe Book of the City of Ladies 1. Here Begins the Book of the City of Ladies 2. The Three Ladies 3. Reason 4. The City 14-19. The Amazons 33. Carmentis 34. Minerva 37-38. On the Good Done by These Women 46. Dido 48. Lavinia (Translated by Rosalind Brown-Grant) -- oTRAVEL AND ENCOUNTER oMarco Polo, The Diversity of the World (Translated by Sharon Kinoshita) oIbn Battuta, Travels (Translated by H. A. R. Gibb) oThe Book of John Mandeville (Translated by Iain Macleod Higgins) II. INDIA'S CLASSICAL AGE -- VISNUSARMAN (2nd or 3rd centuries) Pañcatantra From Book I. The Loss of Friends Leap and Creep The Blue Jackal Forethought, Readywit, and Fatalist From Book III. Crows and Owls Mouse-Maid Made Mouse From Book V. Ill-Considered Action The Loyal Mungoose (Translated by Arthur W. Ryder) -- CLASSICAL TAMIL LYRIC (CA. 3RD CENTURY) -- What She Said [In his country] What She Said [Forest animals walk there] What She Said [He is from those mountains] What She Said [The colors on the elephant's body] What Her Girl Friend Said [Near the salt pans . . .] What He Said [A hen-eagle broods] What He Said [Her arms have the beauty] What He Said [Rains in Season] What Her Girl Friend Said [On the new sand . . .] What She Said [The round blazing sun] Seven Said by the Foster Mother (1) [The way they lay together] From Marutam. The Lover's Unfaithfulness, After Marriage What She Said [In his country] What Her Girlfriend Asked [From the long fronds] This World Lives Because Earth's Bounty oChildren oA Young Warrior A Mother's List of Duties (Translated by A. K. Ramanujan) -- KALIDASA (4th century) Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection (Translated by Barbara Stoler Miller) oCLASSICAL SANSKRIT LYRIC -- BHARTRHARI (5th century) [I haven't been the cloud] [When she's out of sight] [When I knew little] To His Patron [A human being] [As the sun rises and sets] [For a moment he's a child] o(Translated by Vinay Dharwadker) -- oTHREE WOMEN POETS (5th-8th centuries?) Vikatanitamba, 572 [As he came to bed the knot fell open of itself] Bhavakadevi, 646 [At first our bodies knew a perfect oneness] Vidya, 807 [Good neighbor wife, I beg you] (Translated by D. H. H. Ingalls) oBANA (early 7th century) 1166 [The horse rises, stretches its hind legs] (Translated by Vinay Dharwadker) 1174 [The puff of smoke from the forest fire] 1305 [At evening having warmed himself] (Translated by Daniel H. H. Ingalls) -- oDHARMAKIRTI (mid-7th century) 477 [Your union with your lover will be very brief] 1213 [Never to ask the wicked for favors] 1731 [There's no one riding ahead of me] (Translated by Vinay Dharwadker) - BHAVABHUTI (8th century) 598 [And as we talked together softly, secretly] (Translated by Daniel H. H. Ingalls) 753 [A flood of tears blurs my vision] 783 [My love is married to me] 1731 [The people in this world who scorn me] (Translated by Vinay Dharwadker) -- oYOGESVARA (9th century) 257 [Now the great cloud cat] 291 [The days are sweet with ripening of sugar cane] 314 [Now may one prize the peasant houses] 315 [The fields where sesamum has ripened] 318 [The warmth of their straw borne off by icy winds] 1163 [The cat has humped her back] 1312 [When the rain pours down on the decrepit house] (Translated by D. H. H. Ingalls) -- oMURARI (mid-9th century) 913 [Is the moonlight nothing but the powder] 958 [As the moon ages, darkness covers the sky] 1019 [O pearl free of flaws, publish yourself] 1526 [My limbs are frail, my voice is weak] 1585 [I remember this mountain] (Translated by Vinay Dharwadker). RAJASHEKHARA (late 9th-early 10th century) 457 [When people see her face] 336 [Youthfulness inscribes all her parts] (Translated by Vinay Dharwadker) 525 [The damsel of arched eyebrows] (Translated by D. H. H. Ingalls) SOMADEVA (11th century) Kathasaristsagara The Red Lotus of Chastity (Translated by J. A. B. van Buitenen) -- III. MEDIEVAL CHINESE LITERATURE -- HERMITS, BUDDHISTS, AND DAOISTS -- oRUAN JI (210-263) Song of My Cares I Song of My Cares XXXIII Song of My Cares LXVIII (Translated by Stephen Owen) -- oLIU YIQING (403-444) From A New Account of Tales of the World (Translated by Richard B. Mather) HANSHAN (Cold Mountain) (ca. 600-800) Whoever reads my poems o(Translated by Robert Hendricks) A thatched hut A curtain of pearls Here we languish (Translated by Burton Watson) In my first thirty years of life o(Translated by Gary Snyder) Wonderful, this road to Cold Mountain When people see the man of Cold Mountain High, high from the summit of the peak (Translated by Burton Watson) I longed to visit the eastern cliff On Cold Mountain there's a naked bug o(Translated by Red Pine) Men ask the way to Cold Mountain o(Translated by Gary Snyder) My mind is like the autumn moon So Hanshan writes you these words Do you have the poems of Hanshan in your house? (Translated by Burton Watson) LITERATURE ABOUT LITERATURE oCao Pi, From A Discourse on Literature oLu Ji, Poetic Exposition on Literature oWang Xizhi, Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Poems (Translated by Stephen Owen) -- TAO QIAN (365-427) The Peach Blossom Spring The Return (Translated by James Robert Hightower) Biography of Master Five Willows (Translated by Stephen Owen) Substance, Shadow, and Spirit I. Substance to Shadow II. Shadow to Substance III. Spirit's Solution Returning to the Farm to Dwell Begging for Food On Moving House In the Sixth Month of 408, Fire Twenty Poems After Drinking Wine oFinding Fault with My Sons On Reading the Seas and Mountain Classic Elegy (Translated by James Robert Hightower) TANG POETRY -- WANG WEI (ca. 699-761) oZhongnan Retreat In Response to Vice-Magistrate Zhang Wang River Collection o Preface Deer Enclosure o Lake Yi oGold Powder Spring o White Rock Rapids Written on Crossing the Yellow River to Qinghe oWhile I Was Imprisoned in Puti Monastery Farewell o(Translated by Pauline Yu) -- LI BO (701-762) The Sun Rises and Sets oSouth of the Walls We Fought Bring in the Wine (Translated by Stephen Owen) Question and Answer in the Mountains o(Translated by Vikram Seth) Summer Day in the Mountains (Translated by Stephen Owen) Drinking Alone with the Moon o(Translated by Vikram Seth) oThe Hardships of Traveling the Road, I Seeing Off Meng Haoran at Yellow Crane Tower, on His Way to Guangling (Translated by Paul Kroll) oIn the Quiet Night (Translated by Vikram Seth) Sitting Alone by Jingting Mountain oA Song on Visiting Heaven's Crone Mountain in a Dream: On Parting (Translated by Stephen Owen DU FU (712-770) oPainted Hawk (Translated by Stephen Owen) Moonlight Night oSpring Prospect (Translated by Burton Watson) Qiang Village I o(Translated by Paul Kroll) My Thatched Roof Is Ruined by the Autumn Wind oI Stand Alone Spending the Night in a Tower by the River (Translated by Stephen Owen) Thoughts While Travelling at Night o(Translated by Vikram Seth) oBallad of the Firewood Vendors oAutumn Meditations IV (Translated by Burton Watson) -- BO JUYI (772-846) oThe Song of Lasting Regret (Translated by Paul Kroll) o[Chen Hong, An Account to Go with the Song of Lasting Pain] oSalt Merchant's Wife oOn My Portrait (Translated by Stephen Owen) Last Poem (Translated by Arthur Waley) -- oHAN YU (768-824) The Biography of Tipp O'Hair (Translated by Elling Eide) -- oLIU ZONGYUAN (773-819) A Theory of Heaven (Translated by Stephen Owen) -- YUAN ZHEN (779-831) The Story of Yingying (Translated by James Robert Hightower) LI QINGZHAO (1084-ca. 1151) Records on Metal and Stone Afterword Song Lyrics To "Southern Song" To "Free-Spirited Fisherman" To "Like a Dream" To "Drunk in the Shadow of Flowering Trees" To "Spring in Wu-ling" To "Note After Note" (Translated by Stephen Owen) -- IV. JAPAN'S CLASSICAL AGE -- COLLECTION OF MYRIAD LEAVES (Man'yoshu) (mid-8th century) [Emperor Jomei] Poem composed by the Emperor when he ascended Mount Kagu and viewed the land [Princess Nukata ] (On Spring and Autumn) [Kakinomoto no Hitomaro] Poem composed by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro on passing the ruined capital of Omi Poem composed when the Sovereign went on an excursion to the palace at Yoshino o(Translated by Edwin Cranston) oPoem written by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro when he parted from his wife in the land of Iwami and came up to the capital (Translated by Ian Hideo Levy) oPoem composed by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, sorely grieving with tears of blood, after his wife died Poem written by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro upon seeing a dead man lying among the rocks on the island of Samine in Sanuki Poem composed by Kakinomoto no Hitomaro sorrowing over himself as he lay at the point of death in Iwami Province Two poems composed by his wife, a maiden of the Yosami, when Kakinomoto no Hitomaro died o(Translated by Edwin Cranston) [Otomo no Tabito] Thirteen poems in praise of wine by Lord Otomo Tabito, the Commander of the Dazaifu (Translated by Ian Hideo Levy) [Yamanoue no Okura] Dialogue on Poverty A poem of longing for his children, with preface (Translated by Edwin Cranston) POETRY OF THE HEIAN COURT -- oSUGAWARA NO MICHIZANE (845-903) On Looking at the Plum Blossoms on a Moonlit Night I Stop Practicing the Zither The Hardships of Professors Note on My Library Seeing the Plum Blossoms when Sentenced to Exile In Exile, Spring Snow (Translated by Wiebke Denecke) -- COLLECTION OF ANCIENT AND MODERN POEMS (Kokinshu) (ca. 905) oKi no Tsurayuki, The "Japanese Preface" (Translated by Laurel Rasplica Rodd) o1. Ariwara no Motokata, [Spring has come] o2. Anonymous, [Waters I cupped my hands to drink] o3. Anonymous, [Where are the promised mists of spring?] o23. Ariwara no Yukihira, [Spring robe of mist] o24. Minamoto no Muneyuki, [Ever the greens] o25. Ki no Tsurayuki, [My loved one's robes] o26. Ki no Tsurayuki, [Green threads] o27. Archbishop Henjo, [Their pale green threads] o69. Anonymous, [Oh hills where mists of spring trail] o70. Anonymous, [If saying "stay!" would stop their falling] 71. Anonymous, [It's their falling without regret I admire-] o72. Anonymous, [I seem bound to sleep in this village tonight] o73. Anonymous, [Are they not like this fleeting world?] o256. Ki no Tsurayuki, [From that first day the winds of autumn sounded] o257. Fujiwara no Toshiyuki, [White dew all of a single color] o258. Mibu no Tadamine, [As the dew of autumn's night settles] o259. Anonymous, [Surely the autumn dew must have its varied ways] (Translated by Lewis Cook) o495. Anonymous, [Memories revive] o496. Anonymous, [Loving secretly is too hard for me to bear] o497. Anonymous, [On the autumn fields . . . I'll love] o498. Anonymous, [The warbler singing] o499. Anonymous, [Can the young cuckoo . . . be as sad as I] o500. Anonymous, [The mosquito flares] (Translated by Edwin Cranston) 635. Ono no Komachi, [Autumn nights, long only in name] o636. Oshikochi no Mitsune, [For me, not long enough at all] o637. Anonymous, [Just as the morning sky is brightening] o638. Fujiwara no Toshiyuki, [Dawn has come I resign myself to parting] 639. Fujiwara no Toshiyuki, [Dawn has come on the path home from love] o640. Utsuku, [I begin to cry regret for our parting] (Translated by Lewis Cook) 553. Ono no Komachi, [Once I fell asleep . . . and saw him for whom I long] o554. Ono no Komachi, [When pressed with longing . . . I slip off the robe of night] 657. Ono no Komachi, [Driven straight along by a longing without bound] 658. Ono no Komachi, [Though on paths of dreams . . . I run to and fro] o(Translated by Edwin Cranston) -- oKI NO TSURAYUKI (872-945) From Tosa Diary (Translated by Gustav Heldt) -- SEI SHONAGON (ca. 966-1017) The Pillow Book 1 In Spring, the Dawn 2 Times of Year 4 It breaks my heart to think 6 The Emperor's Cat 20 The sliding panels that close off the north-east corner 22 Dispiriting Things 30 A priest who gives a sermon should be handsome 39 Refined and elegant things 40 Insects 68 Things that can't be compared 71 Rare things 82 Once when her Majesty was in residence 104 Things that are distressing to see 144 Endearingly lovely things 257 Things that give pleasure 329 I have written in this book o (Translated by Meredith McKinney ) MURASAKI SHIKIBU (978-1014) The Tale of Genji oFrom Chapter 1. The Paulownia Pavilion From Chapter 2. The Broom Tree oFrom Chapter 5. Young Murasaki oFrom Chapter 7. Beneath the Autumn Leaves oFrom Chapter 9. Heart-to-Heart From Chapter 12. Suma From Chapter 13. Akashi From Chapter 25. The Fireflies oFrom Chapter 40. The Law o (Translated by Dennis Washburn ) -- oKAMO NO CH OMEI (ca. 1155-1216) Account of my Ten-Foot-Square Hut (Translated by Anthony Chambers ) -- YOSHIDA KENK O (ca. 1283-1352) From Essays in Idleness (Translated by Donald Keene ) -- THE TALES OF THE HEIKE (14th century) oBook One The Bells of Gion Monastery Book Six The Death of Kiyomori Book Seven Tadanori Leaves the Capital The Flight from Fukuhara Book Nine The Attack from the Cliff o The Death of Tadanori The Death of Atsumori Book Eleven The Drowning of the Former Emperor The Initiates' Book The Imperial Lady Becomes a Nun The Move to Ohara The Death of the Imperial Lady o (Translated by Burton Watson ).