pep. Includes index.

1. The Pan American exposition : World's fair as historical metaphor -- 2. Ups and downs during the early years of the nineteenth century -- 3. The impact of commerce and manufacturing on mid-nineteenth century Buffalo -- 4. Ethics : Germans, Irish, and Blacks -- 5. Buffalo's WASPs respond to change -- 6. The coming of industry -- 7. The response to industrialization : Life and labor , values and beliefs -- 8. The changing structure of the city : Neighborhoods and the rise of downtown -- 9. Ethics and the economy during World War I and the 1920s -- 10. Buffalo defaults : The city during the depression and World War II -- 11. Paranoia : The fear of outsiders and radicals during the 1950s and 1960s -- 12. Praying for a miracle -- Conclusion : The rise and decline of Buffalo, New York.