"September 2022" -- Cover.

Preface: somethings old with somethings new -- The utility of bile acids for the diagnosis of liver disease in exotic animals -- Diagnostic use of lactate in exotic animals -- Visoelastic coagulation testing in toxic animals -- Hemostatic testing in companion exotic mammals -- Endocrine diagnostics for exotic animals -- Digital cytology in exotic practice: tips to optimize diagnosis -- Avian inflammatory markers -- Blood lipid diagnostics in psittacine birds -- Diagnostic clinical pathology of the bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) -- Clinical pathology of box turtles (Terrapene spp.) -- Diagnostic clinical pathology of tortoises -- Clinical pathology of freshwater turtles -- Diagnostic clinical pathology of boas and pythons.