Clinical assessment -- Radiographic investigations -- Plain films -- Intravenous urography (IVU) -- Vagino-urethrography -- Urethrography -- Cystography -- Other diagnostic aids -- Ultrasonography -- Urethral catheterization -- Centesis -- Cytology -- Biopsy techniques -- Blood and urine analyses -- Urodynamics -- Endoscopy -- Urological surgical techniques -- Nephrectomy -- Nephrotomy -- Ureteral repair -- Ureteral transplantation -- Cystotomy/partial cystectomy -- Urethrotomy -- Urethrostomy -- Urethral repair -- Urethral resection -- Urethral prolapse amputation. Colposuspension -- Prostatic cyst/abscess drainage -- Other surgical procedures -- Castration -- Perineal rupture repair -- Inguinal/scrotal hernia repair -- Episiotomy.