"This book grew out of conversation among senior faculty and administrators from the University of Pennsylvania (Penn)'s Wharton School, School of Nursing, Perelman School of Medicine and Health System as well as Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, all part of the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics at Penn, that transformed into an informal seminar-at first in person and then virtual because of the pandemic. The subject was our disappointment at the relative neglect by real world decisionmakers in health systems and health insurers of our major product-rigorous research findings on the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of managerial and financial interventions in health care. There was also an acute awareness among the group of experts that clinical research results were required for the approval and use of drugs and devices and were disseminated widely, while equally consequential interventions in management, whether published in peer reviewed journals or developed in the health system's innovation center, were not required and were less well disseminated"-- Provided by publisher.